Dynamic Characteristics of Lenke3 Type Idiopathic Scoliosis / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate dynamic response of the finite element model of Lenke3 type scoliosis. Methods The finite element model was established based on CT scanning images from a patient with Lenke3 type scoliosis, and validation of the model was also conducted. Modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and transient dynamic analysis were carried out on the model. Results The first order natural frequency of this model was only 1-2 Hz.The amplitude of the finite element model was the largest at the first natural frequency. At the same resonance frequency, the amplitude of the thoracic curved vertebra was larger than that of the lumbar curved vertebra.The amplitude from T6 vertebra to L2 vertebra decreased successively. Conclusions The degree of spinal deformity may affect the perception of spine vibration, and the higher the degree of spinal deformity, the higher the sensitivity to vibration. The first natural frequency is most harmful to Lenke3 type scoliosis patients. Under cyclic loading, the thoracic curved vertebra is more prone to deformation than the lumbar curved vertebra. The closer to T1 segment, the greater the amplitude of the vibration is.

External physical vibration lithecbole in treatment of ureteral calculi with renal colic used different positions: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical study / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different positions external physical vibration lithecbole (EPVL) therapy for ureteral calculi related renal colic.@*Methods@#This study was a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial. The inclusion criteria was that patients volunteered to participate in the trial and signed informed consent, patients’age ranged from 18-65 years old, ureteral calculi related with renal colic, stone diameter was less than 7 mm, patients were not treated with analgesia, antispasmodic drugs. The exclusion criteria was that combination of severe urinary tract infection, severe hydronephrosis, urinary malformation, severe hypertension, history of cerebrovascular disease, vital organ dysfunction, obesity (BMI>35 kg/m2), history of ureteral calculi exceeded 2 months, abnormal blood coagulation. Patients were randomized into observation group and control group using random number table method. The observation group and the control group were placed on the physical vibration stone arranging machine with head low foot high position and head high foot low position respectively. The inclination angle was 24°. The secondary vibrator vibrated for 6 minutes, then the patient took the prone position and opened the main, the secondary vibrator. The treatment is completed after 6 minutes of vibration. The analgesic effect, stone removal, follow-up effects and adverse reactions in the two groups was compared. We defined the pain relief rate as(VAS score before treatment-VAS score after treatment)/VAS score before treatment×100%.@*Results@#A total of 100 patients were included in the study, 50 in the observation group and 50 in the control group. There were no statistical difference in the age of the two groups [(41.8±11.7)years and (46.6±13.9 years)], gender distribution [37(male)/13(female) and 42(male)/ 8(female)], location of stones (in the observation group, 19 cases in upper ureter, 7 cases in the middle ureter and 24 cases in the lower ureter; in the control group, 12 cases in the upper ureter, 3 cases in the middle ureter, and 35 in the lower ureter), left and right distribution of stones [21(right)/ 29 (left) and 22 (right)/ 28(left)], long diameter of stones [(5.2±0.9)mm and(5.1±1.1)mm], VAS scores before treatment (7.5±1.4 and 7.6±1.5), and readmission rate [22%(11/50)With 18%(9/50)], 1 week stone removal rate [70%(35/50) and 64%(32/50)]. The incidence of adverse reactions was 8%(4/50) in the observation group including 3 cases of nausea, 1 case of vomiting. The incidence of adverse reactions was 4% in the control group (2/50), which 2 cases showed nausea. The number of patients who chose EPVL, ESWL or surgery for the subsequent treatment in observation group was 35 cases, 9 cases, and 6 cases respectively. The number of patients who chose EPVL, ESWL or surgery for the subsequent treatment in the control group was 35 cases, 10 cases and 5 cases respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The VAS score after treatment of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (2.4±1.3 and 3.7±1.5, P<0.01). The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [94%(47/50) and 76%(38/50), P<0.01]. 46 patients underwent urinary ultrasonography to check the degree of hydronephrosis. The reduction rate of hydronephrosis was higher in the observation group than in the control group [54.5%(18/33) and 30.8%(4/13)], but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.146). In the upper ureteral calculi, the VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (2.4±0.3 and 3.9±0.4, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups. In the lower ureteral calculi, the observation group had low VAS score after treatment. In the control group (2.4±0.2 and 3.5±0.2, P<0.01), there was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups; the middle segment stones were less included (10 in total) and were not discussed.@*Conclusions@#The external physical vibration lithecbole adopts " head high and low position" has better effect than "head low foot high position" in treatment of ureteral calculi with renal colic, and security is acceptable.

External physical vibration lithecbole in treatment of ureteral calculi with renal colic used different positions:a prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical study / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different positions external physical vibration lithecbole (EPVL) therapy for ureteral calculi related renal colic.Methods This study was a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial.The inclusion criteria was that patients volunteered to participate in the trial and signed informed consent,patients' age ranged from 18-65 years old,ureteral calculi related with renal colic,stone diameter was less than 7 mm,patients were not treated with analgesia,antispasmodic drugs.The exclusion criteria was that combination of severe urinary tract infection,severe hydronephrosis,urinary malformation,severe hypertension,history of cerebrovascular disease,vital organ dysfunction,obesity (BMI ＞ 35 kg/m2),history of ureteral calculi exceeded 2 months,abnormal blood coagulation.Patients were randomized into observation group and control group using random number table method.The observation group and the control group were placed on the physical vibration stone arranging machine with head low foot high position and head high foot low position respectively.The inclination angle was 24°.The secondary vibrator vibrated for 6 minutes,then the patient took the prone position and opened the main,the secondary vibrator.The treatment is completed after 6 minutes of vibration.The analgesic effect,stone removal,follow-up effects and adverse reactions in the two groups was compared.We defined the pain relief rate as(VAS score before treatment-VAS score after treatment)/VAS score before treatment × 100％.Results A total of 100 patients were included in the study,50 in the observation group and 50 in the control group.There were no statistical difference in the age of the two groups [(41.8 ± 11.7) years and (46.6 ± 13.9 years)],gender distribution [37(male)/13 (female) and 42(male)/8(female)],location of stones (in the observation group,19 cases in upper ureter,7 cases in the middle ureter and 24 cases in the lower ureter;in the control group,12 cases in the upper ureter,3 cases in the middle ureter,and 35 in the lower ureter),left and right distribution of stones [21 (right) / 29 (left) and 22 (right) / 28 (left)],long diameter of stones [(5.2 ± 0.9) mm and (5.1 ± 1.1) mm],VAS scores before treatment (7.5 ± 1.4 and 7.6 ± 1.5),and readmission rate [22 ％ (11/50) With 18％ (9/50)],1 week stone removal rate [70％ (35/ 50) and 64％ (32/50)].The incidence of adverse reactions was 8％ (4/50) in the observation group including 3 cases of nausea,1 case of vomiting.The incidence of adverse reactions was 4％ in the control group (2/50),which 2 cases showed nausea.The number of patients who chose EPVL,ESWL or surgery for the subsequent treatment in observation group was 35 cases,9 cases,and 6 cases respectively.The number of patients who chose EPVL,ESWL or surgery for the subsequent treatment in the control group was 35 cases,10 cases and 5 cases respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞0.05).The VAS score after treatment of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (2.4 ± 1.3 and 3.7 ± 1.5,P ＜0.01).The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [94％ (47/50) and 76％ (38/50),P ＜ 0.01].46 patients underwent urinary ultrasonography to check the degree of hydronephrosis.The reduction rate of hydronephrosis was higher in the observation group than in the control group [54.5％ (18/33) and 30.8％ (4/13)],but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.146).In the upper ureteral calculi,the VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (2.4 ± 0.3 and 3.9 ± 0.4,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups.In the lower ureteral calculi,the observation group had low VAS score after treatment.In the control group (2.4 ±0.2 and 3.5 ±0.2,P＜0.01),there was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups;the middle segment stones were less included (l0 in total) and were not discussed.Conclusions The external physical vibration lithecbole adopts " head high and low position" has better effect than "head low foot high position" in treatment of ureteral calculi with renal colic,and security is acceptable.

Effects of different concentration oxygen on the lung development of neonatal rats / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentration hyperoxic exposure on the lung development of neonatal rats for providing theoretical basis for the preparation of bronchopulmonary dys-plasia model. Methods A total of 128 newborn rats were randomly and equally assigned to one of the fol-lowing four groups:group A(FiO2 >0. 9,n＝32),group B ( FiO2 ＝0. 6,n＝32),group C(FiO2 ＝0. 4,n＝32) and the air group(21% O2,n＝32). Lung tissue were collected at day 3,7,14 and 21 for histological analysis. Body weights were recorded,pulmonary morphology and radical alveoli count(RAC),mean alveolar diameter(MAD),alveolar septal thickness(AST) were carried out. Results Compared with the air group of the same time,the body weight of group A significantly decreased at 3 d( P <0. 05),the body weight of group B significantly decreased at 7 d(P<0. 05),the body weight of group C slightly decreased at every time point,but there was no statistical significance(P>0. 05). HE staining showed that the alveolar cavity signifi-cantly increased,alveolar structure was simplified and the alveolar spacing was thickened in different degrees in group A and group B. Furthermore,the reduction in the number of alveoli was more obvious and the alveo-lar septum was thicker in group A. The change of alveoli in group C was obviously weaker than group A and group B. The RAC of group A and group B were significantly lower than those in the air group(P<0. 05). The RAC of group C was slightly lower than those in the air group,and had statistical significance at 14 d (P<0. 05). The MAD and AST of group A and group B were significantly higher than those in the air group at 7 d (P<0. 05). The MAD and AST of group C decreased slightly over time,and had statistical signifi-cance at 21 d( P<0. 05). Conclusion Different concentrations of oxygen can have an impact on alveolar development. Severe alveolar dysplasia can be seen after continuous inhalation of more than 60% oxygen concentration. It provides a model basis for the study of the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Efficacy of difunctional short peptide-conjugated chitosan mediated miR-140 gene transfection in repairing articular cartilage defect of rabbits / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of nucleus localization signal linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide-conjugated chitosan (NNSCS)-mediated human miR-140 gene local transfection on the repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits.Methods Eukaryotic expression plasmid GV268-miR-140 was constructed,and then negative controls GV268 and GV268-miR-140 were respectively combined with NNSCS to form NNSCS/GV268 and NNSCS/GV268-miR-140 complexes.Eighteen healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into transgenic group (Group A),negative control group (Group B),and sham operation group (Group C),with 6 rabbits per group.Both Groups A and B were prepared for the total cartilage damage model of femur trochlear,and Group C only exposed the articular surface of the femur trochlear.One week after operation,Group A was treated with NNS CS/GV268-miR-140 complex,Group B was given NNS CS/GV268 complex,and Group C was given equal amount of isotonic saline,twice a week for 7 weeks.The experimental animals were sacrificed at the end of the eighth week after operation.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-140,Sox9,Aggrecan and Hdac4 in the defect area.HE staining,safranine O/fast green staining,and Aggrecan immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate cartilage repair in the defect area.Results RT-qPCR showed the expression of miR-140 in Group A (3.16 ± 0.37) was significantly higher than that in Group B (1 ± 0.24) and in Group C (1.24 ± 0.18) (P ＜ 0.05).The miR-140 expression in Group A obviously up-regulated the expression of SOx9 gene (4.38 ± 0.66) compared with Group B (1.04 ± 0.04) and Group C (1.19 ± 0.3),(P ＜ 0.05).The miR-140 expression in Group A obviously up-regulated the expression of Aggrecan gene (3.63 ± 0.58) (P ＜0.05) compared with Group B (1.21 ± 0.14) and Group C (1.34 ± 0.13).The miR-140 expression in Group A obviously down-regulated the expression of Hdac4 (0.37 ±0.06) compared with Group B (0.81 ± 0.06) (P ＜ 0.05).According to results of HE staining,safranine O/fast green and Aggrecan,cartilage repair was evident in Group A,while fibrous tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in the defect region in Group B,showing no cartilage repair.Conclusions NNS CS can carry exogenous genes into chondrocytes and the genes can abundantly express locally.High expression of miR-140 might significantly improve the repair of articular cartilage defect in vivoby up-regulating expressions of Aggrecan and Sox9 as well as down-regulating Hdac4 expression.

Preparation of PP7 bacteriophage-like particles carrying the polypeptide from 16 kD antigen and their value evaluation in the diagnosis of tuberculosis / 临床检验杂志

Objective To obtain the PP7 bacteriophage-like particles (BLPs) carrying the polypeptide from 16 kD antigen (16kD91-110) on their surface,and evaluate their diagnostic value in tuberculosis.Methods First,the PP7 capsid protein gene containing the encoding gene of polypeptide 16kD91-110 was amplified by PCR and inserted into the plasmid pETDuet-2PP7.Then,the obtained recombinant plasmid pETDuet-2PP7-16kD91-110 was transferred into Escherichia coli,and the recombinant protein was induced and identified by SDS-PAGE and western blot.Next,the purified 2PP7-16kD91-110 BLPs were used as stimulating antigen to inject into the blood of patients with tuberculosis,and their serum antibody levels against 16 kD antigen were detected by indirect ELISA.Results The results of SDS-PAGE and transmission electron microscope showed that the 2PP7-16kD91-110 BLPs were prepared,and that the 16kD91-110 polypeptide epitopes displayed on the surface of PP7 BLPs could bind with the antibodies against 16 kD antigen specifically.After using 2PP7-16kD91-110 BLPs as antigen to stimulate the blood cells from active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis patients,respectively,the sensitivity of interferon-γrelease assay was 75.0％ and 82.9％,respectively,in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis,which was similar to the results of Wantai TB-IGRA (interferon-γ release assay) kits from Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co.,Ltd..Conclusion The PP7 BLPs with the 16kD91-110 polypeptide displayed on their surface are prepared successfully,which provides a kind of safe,stable and low cost stimulating antigen for the detection of interferon-γ release,and a new method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Effects of thyroid hormone receptor β△ on apoptosis and proliferation of hepatoma RH-35 cells / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To study the effects of TRβ△ on apoptosis and proliferation of liver cancer cell line RH-35 from rat in vitro. Methods RH-35 cells were transfected by empty vector pcDNA3. 1 and expression plasmid pcDNA3. 1-TRβ△, then exposure to 10 nmol/ L T3 . RH-35 cells apoptosis and proliferation were observed by flow cytometry and MTT colorimetric assay; Levels of catenin β-1(CTNNB1), senescence marker protein-30(SMP-30) and BCL2-antagonist/ killer ( BAK ) mRNA evaluation were detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Results In the presence of T3 , overexpression of TRβ△ significantly inhibited the proliferation, increased the percentage of apoptotic, down-regulated CTNNB1and SMP-30 expression, up-regulated BAK expression in RH-35 cells( P < 0. 05). Conclusion TRβ△ could inhibit the proliferation of RH-35 cells and promote their apoptosis, which may be related to upregulation of BAK genes expression and downregulation of CTNNB1 and SMP-30 gene expression, and these effects could be regulated by T3 .

Clinical Study of Jianpi Bufei Huatan Recipe for Treatment of Pediatric Bronchial Asthma at Remission Stage / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the influence of Jianpi Bufei Huatan Recipe (JBHR), a Chinese herbal compound with the actions of strengthening spleen, tonifying lung and resolving phlegm, on the pulmonary function of childhood bronchial asthma at remission stage, and to explore the possible therapeutic mechanism. Methods Sixty bronchial asthma children at remission stage were divided into treatment group and control group, 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with inhalation of fluticasone propionate, and additionally, the treatment group was given oral use of JBHR(mainly composed of Radix Astragali, Radix Pseudostellariae, fried Rhizoma Atrctylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Poria, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, prepared Radix Glycyrrhizae, calcined Os Draconis, calcined Concha Ostreae, and Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae). The therapeutic effect of the two groups was evaluated after treatment, and the changes of peak expiratory flow(PEF), peak expiratory flow variation(PEFv) were also observed after treatment for 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, a nd 12 month(s). Results (1)The total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.33%, and that of the control group was 83.33%, the difference being significant(P<0.05). (2) During the treatment, PEF was higher and PEFv was lower in the treatment group than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion JBHR could relieve the clinical symptoms, improve the pulmonary function and decrease the hyperactivity of airway of pediatric bronchial asthma at remission stage with lung-spleen qi deficiency.

Pregnancy-related anxiety and subthreshold autism trait in preschool children based a birth cohort study / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the associations between pregnancy-related anxiety and the prevalence of subthreshold autism trait (SAT) in preschool children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Baseline data came from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study, a part of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study (C-ABCS). All the participants were enrolled among pregnant women who received prenatal health care in 4 municipal medical centers during Oct. 2008 to Oct. 2010. A total of 5 084 pregnant women were recruited at the beginning and 4 669 singleton live births were included until childbirth. The situation about pregnancy-specific anxiety during trimester and third trimester of women were evaluated by Pregnancy-specific Anxiety Questionnaire (PAQ). Between April 2014 and April 2015, the cohort was followed up again, and the Clancy Autism Behavior Scale (CABRS) filled out by parents was used for telling the SAT children from the healthy children among 3 663 preschool children. Univariate and binary regression model was used to estimate associations between the pregnancy-related anxiety during trimester and third trimester and the subthreshold autism trait in children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the pregnancy, the detected rates of women with pregnancy-specific anxiety in trimester and the third trimester were 25.5%(935/3 663), 13.9%(501/3 592) respectively, and the detected rate of maternal pregnancy-specific anxiety in both periods was 7.7%(278/3 592). There were 290 positive children with SAT and the detection rate was 7.9%. After controlling possible confounding factors including children's genders, place of residence, supplement folic acid during pregnancy, preterm birth, exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy, the father (mother) cultural levels, the father (mother) nature of work and family income, the results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that maternal pregnancy-specific anxiety in trimester was the risk factor for SAT in preschool children (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.11-2.04), and there was no association between maternal pregnancy-specific anxiety in the third trimester and SAT in preschool children (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 0.82-2.22). Compared with the single function of maternal pregnancy-specific anxiety in trimester or the third trimester for SAT in preschool children, maternal pregnancy-specific anxiety in both periods presented a joint action that increasing the risk for SAT (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.36-2.98).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maternal pregnancy-related anxiety was a risk factor for subthreshold autism trait in preschooler children. Pregnant women should try to keep a good mental state to create a good environment for fetal growth.</p>

Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with preschool children's overweight and obesity / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with childhood overweight and adiposity, and to explore possible early life risk factors for obesity in preschool children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Basic information of pregnant women and gestation period came from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study, a part of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study (C-ABCS). Pregnant women in routine health care from four municipal medical and health institutions were enrolled voluntarily during October 2008 and October 2010 in Ma'anshan City. A total of 5 084 pregnant women and 4 669 singleton live births were included in this study. Between April 2014 and April 2015, 3 797 children were followed up. Children whose BMI were >85th percentiles for age and genders of World Health Organization (WHO) reference were considered as overweight, and >95th percentiles for age and genders cut-off values were considered as obesity (pathological and secondary causes of obesity were excluded). Gestational weight gain was defined according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Univariate and binary regression model analysis was used to examine the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG with childhood overweight and adiposity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 3 797 pregnant women, the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity were respectively 22.6% (n=858), 70.3% (n=2 671), 6.2% (n=234) and 0.9% (n=34). There were 3 563 pregnant women who were obtained gestational weight gain data, the prevalence of inadequate GWG, appropriate GWG, excessive GWG were respectively 12.4% (n=443), 25.9% (n=922) and 61.7% (n=2 198). The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 11.5% (n=437) and 10.8% (n= 411) in preschool children, respectively. After adjusting confounding factors including age at delivery, genders of children, children age, birth weight, breastfeeding and household economic status, binary logistic regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity(OR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.53-2.65), excessive GWG(OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.35-2.03) were risk factors for overweight and obesity, and pre-pregnancy underweight was protective factor for childhood overweight and obesity (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.39-0.62). Joint associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and inappropriate GWG were also noticed in the study: compared to only pre-pregnancy higher BMI or excessive GWG or indequate GWG, combination of high pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG or high pre-pregnancy BMI and inadequate GWG, adverse effects on childhood overweight and obesity were much higher,OR (95%CI) values were 2.90(1.97-4.28), 3.17(1.44-6.97) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both high pre-pregnancy BMI and inappropriate GWG are associated with greater offspring BMI. Pregnant women should achieve appropriate weight gain and help prevent obesity in their children.</p>

The relationship between maternal emotional symptoms during pregnancy and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children: a birth cohort study / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the related influencing factors of preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems in early life and explore the associations between the symptoms of depression or anxiety during pregnancy and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study (C-ABCS), women were recruited at their first clinical visit between October 2008 and October 2010 in four municipal medical and health institutions of Ma'anshan City, a total of 5 084 pregnant women and 4 669 singletons live births were included in the birth cohort. Women completed measures of depressive (Self-Rating Anxiety scale) and anxious (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) symptoms in pregnancy. By the age of 3-6 follow-up, 3 653 children were followed with completed information between April 2014 and April 2015, strengths and difficulties questionnaires were used to assessed offspring emotional and behavioral problems. Logistics regression was used to investigate the relationship between the symptoms of depression or anxiety during pregnancy and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detected rates of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity and peer problems in preschool children were 6.3% (229/3 653), 7.5% (274/3 653), 7.6% (278/3 653) and 2.8% (103/3 653), while 7.6% (277/3 653) for total difficulties, 10.9%(398/3 653) for prosocial behavior and 27.4%(981/3 557) for impact respectively. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in the first trimester was 2.7%(100/3 653) and 4.7%(171/3 653) respectively, and in the second trimester was 2.0%(66/3 375) and 3.6%(122/3 375) respectively. After we controlled the confoundings of gestation age, place of residence, family income, maternal education, paternal education, premature birth and folic acid supplement before pregnancy, multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of children's emotional symptoms in maternal anxiety in both first-trimester and second-trimester group was higher than the group of no depression and anxiety symptoms, and OR(95%CI) was 5.90(2.00-17.48). Compared with whose mother no depression in both first-trimester and second-trimester, the risk of children's emotional symptoms in maternal depression in both first-trimester and second-trimester group was higher, and OR(95% CI) was 3.07 (1.30-7.28). And the risk of children's total difficulties of maternal anxiety in second-trimester was 2.27 (95%CI: 1.10-4.71) times of no anxiety in second-trimester. While the risk of children's total difficulties of maternal depression in second-trimester was 2.20 (95%CI: 1.24-3.93) times of no depression in second-trimester. Maternal emotional symptoms were not significant associations with conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial behaviors (P> 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was a negative impact of maternal anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy on emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. These findings highlight the need for additional clinical and research attention to both maternal depression and anxiety in pregnancy, which may be helpful to reduce the incidence of children's emotional and behavioral problems and act as an important measure in prevention.</p>

Effect of parents' occupational and life environment exposure during six months before pregnancy on executive function of preschool children / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of parents' occupational and life exposure during six months before pregnancy on executive function of preschool children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant women involved in the study came from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study,a part of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study. Between October 2008 and October 2010, pregnant women who accepted pregnancy care in four municipal medical and health institutions in Ma'anshan city were recruited as study objects. A total of 5,084 pregnant women and 4,669 singleton live births entered in this cohort. Between April 2014 and April 2015, a total of 3,803 pre-school children were followed up. Finally, except 32 preschool children did not have EF evaluation result, there were 3,771 children included in this study. By using self-designed " Maternal health handbook", we researched parents' general demographic characteristics, and life and occupational exposure during six months before pregnancy. To research preschool children's executive function, we used the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). Univariate and multivariate statistical method was used to analyze the association of parents' life and occupational exposure during six months before pregnancy and preschool children's EF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>3,771 preschool children's detected rate of inhibitory self-control index (ISCI), flexibility index (FI), emergent metacognition index (EMI) and global executive composite (GEC) dysplasia were 4.8% (182), 2.3% (88), 16.5% (623) and 8.6% (324) respectively. During six months before pregnancy, children whose parents were lived in a noise environment (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.36-2.54), whose maternal were exposed to pesticides were the risk of ISCI dysplasia(OR=3.60, 95% CI: 1.45-8.95). During six months before pregnancy, children whose maternal were exposed to pesticides (OR=6.72, 95% CI: 2.50-18.07) and whose father were exposed to occupational lead (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.25-3.54) were the risk of FI dysplasia. During six months before pregnancy, children whose parents were lived in a noise environment (OR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.18-1.71) and whose father were exposed to occupational lead (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.02-1.65) were the risk of EMI dysplasia. During six months before pregnancy, children whose parents were lived in a noise environment (OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.24-2.01) and whose maternal were exposed to pesticides (OR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.02-5.58) were the risk of GEC dysplasia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The development of executive function is worse among preschool children whose parents live in noise environment, mother exposed to pesticides, and father exposed to occupational lead during six months before pregnancy.</p>

Association of vitamin D level and severity of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To discuss the association between vitamin D level and the severity of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 657 patients with type 2 diabetic patients were included in our study and classified into four groups according to their severity of diabetic retinopathy:the non-diabetic retinopathy group(NDR group, n=257) ,the background diabetic retinopathy group(BDR group, n=243), the preproliferative diabetic retinopathy group(PPDR group, n=135) and the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group(PDR group, n=22).The patients were divided into maculopathy(n=563) and non-maculopathy(n=94).Characteristics data were recorded and disease duration, body mass index, blood pressure and other lipid makers were measured and compared among groups.Results Among four diabetic retinopathy groups, 25(OH)D was statistically different (P <0.05), however, compared to diabetic maculopathy group, the level of 25(OH)D in non-maculopathy group was not statistically different.Logistic regression showed that 25(OH)D was significantly associated with the severity ofdiabetic retinopathy(P<0.05), while not with diabetic maculopathy.Conclusion The level of 25 ( OH ) D is closely associated with the severity ofdiabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it might be an important predictor for the severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Construction of tissue-engineered heart valves:Status and Prospects / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Current cardiac bioprostheses and mechanical valves are shown to have some flaws and shortcomings, and tissue-engineered heart valves which can avoid these problems are becoming an ideal choice for valve replacement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the experimental progress in the construction of tissue-engineered heart valves. METHODS:Experimental studies related to tissue-engineered heart valves were retrieved in databases. Three main elements for tissue-engineered heart valves are seed cells, scaffold materials, and cellseeding. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cardiac valve repair and replacement is the primarily surgical treatment for valvular heart disease. At present, seed cells mainly for construction of tissue-engineered heart valves include vascular endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The acellular scaffold has good biomechanical properties and histocompatibility. After cellseeding, a continuous celllayer wil form on the scaffold surface, which makes it possible to construct tissue-engineered heart valves. Tissue-engineered heart valve has a good prospect, but it is stil in the early stage of research and there are stil many problems that need to be solved.

Progress in the detection of Kras, EGFR, BRAF mutations and its clinical application / 中华检验医学杂志

Since a number of genes have been discovered,which are associated with the effect of drug therapy,the development of personalized medicine is enhanced.Meanwhile,personalized test played an important role in choosing proper medicine.Herein,the status of detection of V-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(Kras),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),B-Raf and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF) mutation is concluded,moreover,the association between the mutation test and the effect of cancer therapy is summarized.

Clinical study of thalidomide combined with NP regimen for advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide combined with NP regimen in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to analyse the change of VEGF and bFGF in peripheral blood in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods 57 patients with advanced NSCLC were divided randomly into NP plus thalidomide treatment group and NP contrast group,and VEGF and bFGF were measured by ELISA. Results The response rate was 44.4 % in trial group and 23.8% in control group (P>0.05). The clinical benefit rate were 77.8% in trial group and 42.9% in control group (P>0.05). The median TIP was 5.1 months and 3.0 months for trial group and control group respectively(P=0.05). Patients in benefit in trial group had a remarkable decrease in the number of VEGF (P<0.05) while patients in benefit in control group had a little decrease in the number of VEGF (P>0.05). Patients out of benefit in trial group and control group had a increase in the number of VEGF (P<0.05). Patients in benefit in trial group and control group had a tendency of decrease in the number of bFGF (P>0.05) while patients out of benefit in trial group and control group had a remarkable increase in the number of bFGF(P<0.05). Conclusion The addition of thalidomide to NP regimen results in significantly and clinically meaningful improvement in response rate, median time to tumor progression, and clinical benefit rate compared with NP alone in advanced NSCLC patients.Thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy shows a favorable toxic profile in advanced cancer patients.VEGF and bFGF can be detected in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Preliminary screening of different permeation enhancers in transcutaneous immunization with inactivated human highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To screen the potent permeation enhancers used in transcutaneous immunization with inactivated highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine. Methods Five different permeation enhancers, ethanol, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ratinoic acid, oleic acid, were used to treat the skin of BALB/c mice before transcutaneous immunization. Sera were collected before the flist transcutaneous immunization and every two weeks post immunization. The titers of influenza virus-specific humoral IgG and IgA were assayed in serum, lung and nasal lavages by ELISA. The titers of hemagglutination inhibition ( HAI), IFN-γand IL-4 produced by splenic lymphocytes were also detected. Except that, clinical symptom of the skin in different time points and skin pathological changes were observed. Results The serum IgG titers, HAI titers and the influenza virus-specific lgA and IgG in lung and nasal lavages in the groups of HA +CT + DMSO, HA + CT + RA and HA + CT + OA were significantly higher than those of HA and HA + CT groups( P ＜0.05). Moreover, the numbers of splenic lymphocytes producing IFN-γ and IL-4 were increased in the above three groups than those in control groups. In addition, no evident clinical symptoms were observed, but stratum corneum of the skin in different groups showed different changes. Conclusion DMSO,RA and OA are potent permeation enhancers in mouse model inoculated with inactivated high pathogenic avian influenza vaccine transcutaneously.

Expression and clinical significance of inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP in chiIdhood acute leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP in childhood acute leukemia(AL).Methotis The expression of XIAP protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay in 54 children with AL.including 26 newly diagnosed and untreated AL children.23 children in remission and 5 relapsed.The eontrol included 10 children with normal bone marrow.Results The level of XIAP proteins in the bone marrow of newly diagnosed AL children was higher than that in remission and normal controls(P＜0.05),compared with that in relapsed children,with no statistical difference(P＞0.05).The level of XIAP protein in remission was higher than that in normal controls(P＜0.05).The level of XIAP protein in ALL and ANLL in newly diagnosed AL children was compared. with no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The higher expression of XIAP may contribute to the pathogenesis and the progress of the childhood AL.